1950

Turing frames the machine-intelligence question

Alan Turing publishes “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.”

1956

The Dartmouth AI research project

Researchers gather for a landmark meeting associated with the naming of artificial intelligence.

1980s–1990s

Modern machine-learning methods develop

Statistical learning, connectionist research, and new computing capabilities influence the field.

2010s

Deep learning becomes widely influential

Breakthroughs in vision, speech, and language accelerate research and adoption.

2020s

Generative AI expands public access

Generative systems bring new business uses and intensified debates about governance and social impact.